Roast the chickpeas: preheat the oven to 400°F (200°C). Toss the cooked chickpeas with cumin, chili powder, salt, maple syrup, and a drizzle of olive oil. Spread on a baking sheet and roast at 400°F (200°C) until golden and crispy, stirring occasionally, about 25 to 30 minutes.
Roast the carrots: add the carrots to the same mixing bowl. Season with cumin, salt, pepper, maple syrup, and a drizzle of olive oil. Toss until evenly coated. Spread on a baking sheet and roast at 400°F (200°C) until tender and caramelized, about 25 to 30 minutes.
Cook the farro: rinse the farro under cool water. Bring a large pot of water to a boil and season with 2 tsp salt. Add the farro and cook just as you would pasta, following the package directions, until tender but still chewy. Drain well.
Make the dressing: in a small bowl, whisk together the minced shallot, olive oil, lemon juice, cumin, black pepper, salt, maple syrup, and whole grain mustard until well combined.
Assemble: add the cooked farro to a large serving bowl. Add the roasted carrots and roasted chickpeas. Stir in the finely grated Parmesan. Drizzle the dressing over the salad and toss until everything is evenly coated, starting with some of the dressing and adding more as needed. Finish with Parmesan shavings and fresh parsley or arugula if desired.